During early 70’s Chinese government implanted the policy of two children to the population; they were encouraged to have only two, the ongoing Cultural Revolution and the strain it placed on the nation were large factors. During that time, the birth rate dropped from nearly 6 children per woman to just fewer than 3.
When Deng Xiao Ping became Chairman of China promoted to have one Child after 1979, a single child would be left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents. The policy was enforced at the provincial level through fines that were imposed based on the income of the family and other factors.
Then, from 1980 curbing a then-surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources as well as to alleviate social, economic and environmental problems in China. This policy was supported by most of people. But, on 2 November, 2015 it was quoted by China’s top family planning authority that the new two child policy would be implemented once it is ratified in annual session of the National People’s Congress scheduled in March 2016
However, this policy also has some detractors inside. In 2013, Deputy Director Wang Peian of the National Health and Family Planning Commission said that “China’s population will not grow substantially in the short term”(Lauri Burkie, China to Move Slowly on One-Child Law Reform, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved Nov. 17, 2013) . A survey by the commission found that only about half of eligible couples wish to have two children, mostly because of the cost of living impact of a second child.
Therefore, after 35 years of one child policy, apparently the arguments, those were valid to promulgate that policy earlier, still do not change at all. The effects of the populating aging on as health spending, retirement policies, use of long-term care services, workforce composition, and income; are important aspects to research to evaluate the real effect of two child policy to China and to the world.